小型感性耦合射频等离子体中和器的实验研究

为了研究适用于百瓦级电推力器的离子束流中和技术,基于电子鞘层模型、射频等离子体最优放电技术和通过插入探针实现快速点火的方法,设计了一套小型感性耦合射频等离子体中和器(RF plasma neutralizer,RPN)。实验研究了RPN中和器的稳定工作条件和电子引出特性,实现了RPN中和器稳定工作和电子有效引出。实验结果表明:电子引出特性主要取决于发射孔附近阳极斑的形成与否,而阳极斑的形成又主要受结构设计、工质流量和偏置电压等运行条件的影响;通过对RPN运行条件的优化试验,获得了55~150m A可调电子束流范围和较高的工质利用系数(3.9~10.5),满足离子束流中和需求;另外,实验中还观察到了电子束流随工质流量或偏置电压的迟滞现象。     

基于保护映射理论的航空发动机LPV/PI 控制

针对具有强非线性特性的航空发动机控制问题,将基于保护映射(Guardian Maps,GM)理论的控制方法应用于航空发动机控制系统设计中。基于某型涡扇发动机非线性模型建立了线性变参数(Linear Parameter Varying,LPV)模型;根据保护映射理论设计不同调度参数下的PI(Proportion Integration)控制器,在设计过程中,只需通过给定的初始控制器就可以自动得到满足性能要求的控制器参数集合,避免了在多个平衡点进行控制器设计;以非线性模型为被控对象,采用积分分离PI控制,在飞行包线内的不同工作点进行仿真验证。结果表明:基于保护映射理论的控制方法在解决航空发动机控制系统的非线性问题时具有显著效果。     

基于连续损伤力学的轮盘超转破裂行为预测与验证

为有效预测轮盘的超转破裂行为,建立了1种基于连续损伤力学的预测方法。给出了该方法下基于光滑拉伸试验数据的直接时效GH4169合金弹塑性本构模型参数与损伤模型参数确定方法。对缺口半径分别为0.5、2和5 mm的3种缺口圆棒试样的拉伸响应曲线进行了有限元计算,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明:该模型可以较准确地预测缺口试样的极限拉伸载荷和拉伸断裂变形。采用弧长法对模拟盘的超转破裂过程进行了非线性有限元计算,使用模拟盘超转破裂试验进行了验证。该模型不仅可以较准确地预测模拟盘的破裂转速,还能有效预测模拟盘的超转破裂模式。对于实际轮盘破裂转速预测具有一定的指导意义。     

CCAR-25与CCAR-33适航审定关系分析

开展大型客机动力装置与发动机型号合格审定之间关系的研究对我国适航管理工作的发展具有重要的意义。首先,利用中国民用航空规章的相关数据,建立数据综合管理系统;然后,总结CCAR-25《运输类飞机适航标准》与CCAR-33《航空发动机适航规定》具有重合内容的关联项,分析二者之间的相互关系;最后,研究上述两部规章关于防火系统和滑油系统对某些对象的规定。结果表明:CCAR-25与CCAR-33条款的关系可分为引用、选择、补充、相似和差异五种;最难界定的是相似,它要求对条款的充分理解,否则会有重复审定和漏审的风险;CCAR-25与CCAR-33对防火系统和滑油系统的规定出现了多条款交联对应的情况,通过数据综合管理系统可将其分解为单条款对应并进行适航认证。     

离心机精度对加速度计二次项标定精度的影响

离心机是标定高精度加速度计二次项系数(k2)的主要设备之一,其精度水平对k2标定精度具有重要影响。为揭示这种影响规律,指导测试设计,在常用的加速度计多项式模型基础上,建立了k2标定精度与离心机精度之间的数学模型,并利用MATLAB仿真。仿真结果表明,k2标定精度受离心机精度及其输出加速度幅度共同影响。在给定离心机精度的情况下,需要根据k2精度目标来设计离心机输出加速度范围,以免影响测试结果。     

Reliability-based trajectory optimization using nonintrusive polynomial chaos for Mars entry mission

This paper presents the reliability-based sequential optimization (RBSO) method to settle the trajectory optimization problem with parametric uncertainties in entry dynamics for Mars entry mission. First, the deterministic entry trajectory optimization model is reviewed, and then the reliability-based optimization model is formulated. In addition, the modified sequential optimization method, in which the nonintrusive polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) method and the most probable point (MPP) searching method are employed, is proposed to solve the reliability-based optimization problem efficiently. The nonintrusive PCE method contributes to the transformation between the stochastic optimization (SO) and the deterministic optimization (DO) and to the approximation of trajectory solution efficiently. The MPP method, which is used for assessing the reliability of constraints satisfaction only up to the necessary level, is employed to further improve the computational efficiency. The cycle including SO, reliability assessment and constraints update is repeated in the RBSO until the reliability requirements of constraints satisfaction are satisfied. Finally, the RBSO is compared with the traditional DO and the traditional sequential optimization based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulation in a specific Mars entry mission to demonstrate the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed method.     

小型BVA 石英谐振器的研制

传统的BVA石英谐振器在老化率和Q值方面具有优良的性能,但其体积大,抗振可靠性较差,限制了其推广和应用。本文介绍了一种新结构的BVA石英谐振器,通过优化电容片和石英晶片的结构设计,研制出更小尺寸的异型石英晶片和电容片,整个小型BVA谐振器的尺寸减小到HC-40/U,性能指标与传统BVA石英谐振器相当,同时具有较高的抗振可靠性。     

Modeling and experimental validation of sawing based lander anchoring and sampling methods for asteroid exploration

This paper presents a novel lander anchoring system based on sawing method for asteroid exploration. The system is composed of three robotic arms, three cutting discs, and a control system. The discs mounted at the end of the arms are able to penetrate into the rock surface of asteroids. After the discs cut into the rock surface, the self-locking function of the arms provides forces to fix the lander on the surface. Modeling, trajectory planning, simulations, mechanism design, and prototype fabrication of the anchoring system are discussed, respectively. The performances of the system are tested on different kinds of rocks, at different sawing angles, locations, and speeds. Results show that the system can cut 15?mm deep into granite rock in 180?s at sawing angle of 60°, with the average power of 58.41?W, and the “weight on bit” (WOB) of 8.637?N. The 7.8?kg anchoring system is capable of providing omni-directional anchoring forces, at least 225?N normal and 157?N tangent to the surface of the rock. The system has the advantages of low-weight, low energy consumption and balance forces, high anchoring efficiency and reliability, and could enable the lander to move and sample or assist astronauts and robots in walking and sampling on asteroids.     

深空测控网干涉测量系统在“鹊桥”任务中的应用分析

在"嫦娥4号"任务的第一阶段—"鹊桥"阶段,北京航天飞行控制中心利用佳木斯及喀什深空站对"鹊桥"进行了干涉测量观测,获取了实时与事后的高精度测角观测量,有效支持了任务的实施。两深空站需同时完成测控任务,无法交替射电源观测来进行系统差标校,基于此系统采用了长时间隔、在航天器观测前及双站结束后观测射电源的标校方法,在地月转移段、月球至L2转移段、Halo轨道形成段开展了多次干涉测量观测,所获得的时延、时延率结果直接应用于事后联合轨道确定,结果表明:深空网的时延观测精度约为3 ns。